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Wind-class icebreaker
The Wind-class icebreakers were a line of diesel electric-powered icebreakers in service with the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Coast Guard and Soviet Navy from 1944 through the late 1970s. They were very effective ships: all except ''Eastwind'' served at least thirty years, and ''Northwind'' served in the USCG continuously for forty-four years. Considered the most technologically advanced icebreakers in the world when first built, the Wind-class icebreakers were also heavily armed; the first operator of the class was the United States Coast Guard, which used the vessels for much-needed coastal patrol off Greenland during World War II. Three of the vessels of the class, ''Westwind'', ''Southwind'', and the first ''Northwind'' all went on to serve temporarily for the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease program, while two others were built for the United States Navy and another was built for the Royal Canadian Navy; all eight vessels were eventually transferred to the United States Coast Guard and the Canadian Coast Guard.〔U.S. Department of Homeland Security. U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office. http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Icebreakers.asp〕〔Charles D. "Doug" Maginley. ''The Canadian Coast Guard 1962-2002. Vanwell Publishing LTD. 2003. ISBN 1-55125-092-6.〕〔My Royal Canadian Navy. http://myrcn.ca/18labrador/labrador.html〕
The Wind-class ships were the first class of true icebreakers built by the United States. Gibbs & Cox of New York provided the designs with input from the Coast Guard's Naval Engineering Division. The final design was heavily influenced by studies conducted by then LCDR Edward Thiele, USCG (later RADM, and Engineer in Chief of the U.S. Coast Guard) of foreign icebreakers, namely the Swedish ''Ymer'', built in 1931,〔http://www.sjofartsverket.se/en/About-us/Activities/Icebreaking/The-History-of-Nordic-Icebreaking/〕〔http://oceania.pbworks.com/w/page/8472187/Swedish%20Auxiliary%20Ships〕 and the Soviet ''Krasin''.〔
Seven ships of the class were built in the United States, and one modified version, HMCS ''Labrador'', was built in Canada.〔〔〔〔Icebreakers in the North. University of Calgary. http://www.ucalgary.ca/arcticexpedition/icebreakers/hmcs-labrador〕〔CANADA AVIATION MUSEUM AIRCRAFT. PIASECKI (VERTOL) HUP-3 (RETRIEVER). ROYAL CANADIAN NAVY (RCN). http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/assets/pdf/e_PiaseckiHUP-3.pdf〕
== Construction ==
State of the art when designed, their hull was of unprecedented strength and structural integrity. The outer hull plating was constructed with 1-5/8 inch thick high tensile steel and they had a double bottom above the waterline with the two "skins" being approximately 15 inches apart, insulated with cork. Framing was closely spaced and the entire hull was designed for great strength. With a relatively short length in proportion to the great power developed, their bow had the characteristic sloping forefoot that enabled her to ride up on heavy ice and break it with the weight of the vessel. Their stern was similarly shaped to facilitate breaking ice while backing down. The sides of the icebreaker were rounded, with marked tumblehome, that enabled the ship to break free from ice by heeling from side to side. Such heeling was accomplished by shifting water rapidly from wing tanks on one side of the ship to the other. A total of 220 tons of water could be shifted from one side to the other in as little as 90 seconds, which induced a list of 10 degrees. Ballast could also be shifted rapidly between fore and aft tanks to change the trim of the ship. Diesel electric machinery was chosen for its controllability and resistance to damage, and they were fitted with a removable front propeller used to create a wash to clear ice.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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